Tips from gaining health

For those whose mothers lived beyond 85, mortality rates were 40 per cent lower

The offspring of parents who live to a ripe old age are more likely to live longer themselves, and less prone to cancer and other common diseases associated with ageing, a study has revealed.

Experts at the University of Exeter Medical School, supported by the National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care in the South West Peninsula (NIHR PenCLAHRC), led an international collaboration which discovered that people who had a long-lived mother or father were 24% less likely to get cancer. The scientists compared the children of long-lived parents to children whose parents survived to average ages for their generation.

The scientists classified long-lived mothers as those who survived past 91 years old, and compared them to those who reached average age spans of 77 to 91. Long-lived fathers lived past 87 years old, compared with the average of 65 to 87 years. The scientists studied 938 new cases of cancer that developed during the 18 year follow-up period.

The team also involved experts from the National Institute for Health and Medical Research in France (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale), the University of Michigan and the University of Iowa. They found that overall mortality rates dropped by up to 19 per cent for each decade that at least one of the parents lived past the age of 65. For those whose mothers lived beyond 85, mortality rates were 40 per cent lower. The figure was a little lower (14 per cent) for fathers, possibly because of adverse lifestyle factors such as smoking, which may have been more common in the fathers.

In the study, published in the Journals of Gerontology: Series A, the scientists analysed data from a series of interviews conducted with 9,764 people taking part in the Health and Retirement Study. The participants were based in America, and were followed up over 18 years, from 1992 to 2010. They were interviewed every two years, with questions including the ages of their parents and when they died. In 2010 the participants were in their seventies.

Professor William Henley, from the University of Exeter Medical School, said: “Previous studies have shown that the children of centenarians tend to live longer with less heart disease, but this is the first robust evidence that the children of longer-lived parents are also less likely to get cancer. We also found that they are less prone to diabetes or suffering a stroke. These protective effects are passed on from parents who live beyond 65 – far younger than shown in previous studies, which have looked at those over the age of 80. Obviously children of older parents are not immune to contracting cancer or any other diseases of ageing, but our evidence shows that rates are lower. We also found that this inherited resistance to age-related diseases gets stronger the older their parents lived.”

Ambarish Dutta, who worked on the project at the University of Exeter Medical School and is now at the Asian Institute of Public Health at the Ravenshaw University in India, said: “Interestingly from a nature versus nurture perspective, we found no evidence that these health advantages are passed on from parents-in-law. Despite being likely to share the same environment and lifestyle in their married lives, spouses had no health benefit from their parents-in-law reaching a ripe old age. If the findings resulted from cultural or lifestyle factors, you might expect these effects to extend to husbands and wives in at least some cases, but there was no impact whatsoever.”

In analysing the data, the team made adjustments for sex, race, smoking, wealth, education, body mass index, and childhood socioeconomic status. They also excluded results from those whose parents died prematurely (ie mothers who died younger than 61 or fathers younger than 46).

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease which number of cases continues to increase worldwide, including in Indonesia. Diabetes is now no longer an enemy of adults, but also children.

Data research of work unit of child endocrinologist coordination throughout Indonesia who had released the Directorate General of Disease Control and Environmental Health Ministry of Health in early March 2012, for example: it shows that the number of people with diabetes in children and adolescents under 20 years 731 children registered.

Meanwhile, Diabetes and Nutrition Center (PDN) RSU Dr Soetomo Surabaya had to make estimates that in 2009 there are about 650,000 children in Indonesia suffered from diabetes mellitus and the majority are type 2 diabetes. This figure is obtained by calculating five percent of the total 13 million people with diabetes mellitus of all age groups in 2009.

While the Department of Pediatrics from Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia (medicine) estimate, number of children with diabetes showed a tendency to continue rising in recent years. In 2011, then for example, at least 65 children with diabetes were recorded, up 400 percent from 2009. Of that amount, a total of 32 children suffering from type two diabetes.

"We always thought that certain diabetes in children with type 1 diabetes. But now, many children are affected by type 2 diabetes, due to poor lifestyle,"

said dr. Dyah Purnamasari Sulistianingsih, Sp.PD, from the Division of Metabolic Endocrinology Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia (medicine) in a media seminar on Thursday (5/10/2012), in Jakarta.

Dyah said, everyone who does not have a healthy lifestyle can be attacked by the disease diabetes. Therefore, a healthy lifestyle should be maintained with food and a healthy diet, and exercise regularly, so that sugar levels can be controlled and avoid diabetes.

Some studies suggest that, in managing children with diabetes type 2 is generally more difficult than in adults. Most cases of diabetes in children is caused due to obesity. If the parents are not aware of this threat early on, it can tend to be less effective treatment.

Why not be effective? Because the provision of drugs in children with diabetes will usually be more difficult than adults because a child is more difficult to manage, let alone the gift must be made continuously in the long run.

"It takes a psychological approach. Due to different treatment in children and adults," he said.

Dyah said more, that type 1 diabetes usually occurs more frequently in children, where there is a shortage of insulin in the body, due to damage to pancreas gland, that caused by an autoimmune process. Damage to the pancreas is generally only cause symptoms after the destruction of pancreatic cells reached 90 percent or more.

There is a vast difference between depression in children and adults. Most of the time, parents do not notice emotional health in children. Diagnosing depression in children is also more complicated than diagnosing depression in adults. The physician needs to interview the parents to understand whether the condition can be classified as clinical depression or not. As parents are likely to be biased, diagnosis may require interviewing friends, school mates and teachers as well.

Stressed parents, poor upbringing and genetic predisposition are the most commonly known causes of depression in children. Once it is diagnosed, there are various treatment options that can be looked into.
Cognitive Therapy is by far the most commonly used therapy for teen depression help. Cognition is described as the psychological result of learning and reasoning. Depression in children is considered a result of negative self perceptions that manifests as cognitive distortions about self and the environment. The therapist uses his expertise to address the three domains of treatment.

Cognition - Patients are taught to think positively in order to correct negative thinking
Behavior - Social skills and assertiveness
Physiology - Relaxation techniques, meditation and pleasant imagery

Excessive parental criticism, parental depression and family stress can lead to high stress levels among children which can lead to depression at times.

Family therapy is another option for treating depression naturally. Unless there is a genetic disposition towards depression, children often take negative cues from a stressful environment around them. If you have a depressed child at home, it will do you and your offspring a lot of good if you join a family psycho-educational group. You will get to meet parents and children who are facing similar problems. Such programs target different spheres of child depression:

1. How to identify symptoms of depression
2. How to approach and help your depressed child
3. Interpersonal skills
4. Knowledge about mood disorders
5. Medication and its side effects
6. Effects of different stress factors on your child.

Parents are taught to demonstrate positive control over the child and to reduce stress in the family. The focus of family therapy is mainly on improving the quality of parent-child relationships. It also tries to improve competencies within the child and does not lay too much stress on symptoms.

Medication is the last resort for treatment where nothing else works. There is no effective antidepressant that will treat depression in children without the side effects. These drugs can also be addictive. Natural remedies for depression like herbs and homeopathy are safer. It is advisable that all medication, natural or conventional be used under professional guidance.

If the family environment is the cause of child depression, it becomes necessary for the family to help in the treatment. Studies have shown that family intervention and participation in the treatment process are extremely effective tools in treating depression in children.

Article by : Tess Thompson

Article Source : Treating Depression in Children & Teens - Family Therapy

According to the latest research and test on the nineteen kinds of toys in the U.S market, after playing with 15 kinds of toys for about 15 minutes, children’s hearing function would get a little damage. All these toys designed for kids under three years old are with shake equipment or can be shaken.


Researchers from the American Visual Sense and Auditory Sense Association, one non-profit organization, and University of Minnesota, have tested the sound of all kinds of toys in the toys shopping mall. They would do the same thing each year and this year is the twelfth year. On the list of noise toys ranking, Iron Man Mobile Headquarters Vehicle, made by Jada Toys, is on the first position, the noise decibel sent out by it is as higher as 119.5 dB. In other words, it would injure kids’ hearing function in less than eight seconds. Learning Letters Mailbox, made by Fisher Price, are specially designed for kids between six months and 26 months, however, this kind of toys also make too loud noise, which is up to 113.9 dB. What you have to pay more attention is the books with music because it has reached up to 112.1 dB. All these toys on the list have too loud noise and could injure children’s hearing function in less than one minute.

Dr. Chris Hilton, the researcher from ear-nose-throat department in University of Minnesota has tested these toys and said that in a very close distance, playing with these toys for a long time would hurt people’s inner ears. In fact, the noise above 85 dB would have permanent damage to your ears. The louder the noise, the shorter time that resulting in hearing loss. For example, when hearing the sound with 85 dB, your hearing function would be damaged forever in eight hour while the hair cells would begin to get harm if you listen to sound with 100 dB for just 15 minute.

Because the arms of kids are too short so that toys with higher noise have more serious influence on their hearing function. Up to 2004, the U.S government had launched the regulations on toys’ sound. In March 2004, the American Society for Testing and Materials had adopted and amended the phonics standard, which is self-regulation in toys industry and obeyed voluntarily.

Different with asphyxia or other harm, it is difficult to estimate the hearing level on hearing function because it is difficult to determine the direct cause.

Authors Resource Box

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Article Source : Toys With Too Loud Noise Would Hurt Children Hearing Function

Author : TonyEva

Nutrition for Kids 4-6 Years | Normal weight for boys aged 4 years and 8 months is around 17-18 kg. On that basis, the child has a weight 16 kg, so quite a bit less weight than normal. The height above the average, because the normal high-olds is about 110 cm, so that the sons of mothers appear higher than peers and a little thinner.

The recommended diet is nutritionally balanced diet, eating foods that vary with the portion of his body needs.

As a guide, based on the nutritional adequacy rate for Indonesia, the average child aged 4-6 years will require the following nutrients:

• Energy: 1550 kcal
• Protein: 39 grams
• Calcium 500 mg
• Iron 9 mg

Feeding guide attention: "3 J" and "1 A" are:

• Number: the portion of the body needs children
• Type: eat a varied diet (rice/bread, vegetables, fruit, side dishes (animal and vegetable), milk)
• Schedule: 3 meals and 2-3 large meals a healthy snack
• Safe: no artificial dyes consumed, not stale, does not expire

Nutritional needs by children

1. Carbohydrates: rice / bread / noodles / potatoes / pasta / havermuth as a matter of power and gives a sense of satiety
2. Protein: a side dish of animal origin (eggs, fish, beef, chicken / duck, cows milk), vegetable side dishes (tempeh, tofu, green beans, red beans, soy beans, soy milk) for growth substances, antibodies and immune
3. Vitamins and minerals: fruits and vegetables are brightly colored as regulator and protective substances
4. Fats: margarine spreads for bread or oil for frying / menumins
5. Water

For children aged 4-6 years, the recommended number of servings in a day

1. Rice or his successor: 3 servings or 12 tablespoons of rice every meal
2. Side Animal: 3 servings (meat, chicken, fish size of a matchbox)
3. Vegetable Side: 1porsi (tempeh or tofu the size of a matchbox)
4. Vegetables: 2 servings or 2 medium bowl
5. Fruits: 3 servings (1 citrus fruit is, half apples and half a cup papaya or melon slices
6. Milk: 2-3 cups: @ 200 ml

Note:
Milk is rich in protein, fat, vitamins and minerals as well as the source of calcium necessary for growing children, including for the growth of bones and teeth are optimal. Of 2-3 servings of milk @ 200 ml per day, in addition to other nutritious foods, already meet the nutritional needs by child. If you consume more than 3 servings of milk a day, it is feared will reduce the portion of other healthful foods, which is required by the body, such as fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins, fiber and antioxidants.

To help ascertain whether the child is old enough to consume the food in terms of servings and variety, she can keep a diary, like a check list of what children eat every day.

Source: kompas

Children Eating Pattern - Many parents are giddy with her eating habits like picking out food (picky eating). However, you need to be careful if you think your child a picky eater, because your perspective can affect nutritional intake.

If a mother already branded her as a picky eater, usually the child will rarely eat fruit and vegetables. "Perceptions of parents that their children prefer picky food can make parents do not offer their children healthy food," said Mildred Horodynski, researchers from Michigan State Universitys College of Nuring.
One way to encourage children to eat healthier, according to Horodynski, is changing the eating behavior of parents. That is, if the father-mother used to eat healthy foods, children will usually follow.

"What children eat a diet reflects his mother, and unfortunately most women are also rarely eat vegetables or fruit," he said.

In order for children to love healthy foods, the mother or the father should not only serve, but also to eat together. "When you try something food, children will be interested to try it too," he said.

He suggested, if the child refused to taste the vegetables are served, parents should not immediately branded her vegetable hater. "Research shows that children need to try 15 times before going to eat a type of food," he explained.

The key for children like fruit and vegetables were introduced as early as possible, ie at 7-8 months of age when children begin to recognize solid food. "At age 24 months children already know what she likes. If the mother does not give vegetable, he would not like it," he explained. KOMPAS.COM